Part of
Activity
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Resting heart rate refers to your heart's baseline beats per minute when you're completely relaxed, providing insight into your heart health and fitness level.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Normal range
Normal range
60-100 BPM
60-100 BPM
Normal range
60-100 BPM
60-100 BPM
Normal range
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Resting heart rate refers to your heart's baseline beats per minute when you're completely relaxed, providing insight into your heart health and fitness level.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Normal range
60-100 BPM
Normal range
60-100 BPM
60-100 BPM
Normal range
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Resting heart rate refers to your heart's baseline beats per minute when you're completely relaxed, providing insight into your heart health and fitness level.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Normal range
60-100 BPM
Normal range
60-100 BPM
60-100 BPM
Normal range
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Resting heart rate refers to your heart's baseline beats per minute when you're completely relaxed, providing insight into your heart health and fitness level.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Normal range
60-100 BPM
Normal range
60-100 BPM
60-100 BPM
Normal range
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Dr. Thiviya Sivakanthan
MBBS
Your Heart’s Silent Health Signal
Your Heart’s Silent Health Signal
Your Heart’s Silent Health Signal
Your resting heart rate (RHR) is one of the simplest yet most powerful indicators of your cardiovascular health, fitness, and even stress levels. Measured as the number of heartbeats per minute while at complete rest, it reflects how efficiently your heart pumps blood and how well your autonomic nervous system supports your body’s needs.
Yet despite its simplicity, many people overlook or misunderstand their resting heart rate — missing out on valuable insights about their health and fitness journey. This article dives deep into what resting heart rate means, why it matters, how it changes, and how to interpret your own numbers using data from wearables.
Your resting heart rate (RHR) is one of the simplest yet most powerful indicators of your cardiovascular health, fitness, and even stress levels. Measured as the number of heartbeats per minute while at complete rest, it reflects how efficiently your heart pumps blood and how well your autonomic nervous system supports your body’s needs.
Yet despite its simplicity, many people overlook or misunderstand their resting heart rate — missing out on valuable insights about their health and fitness journey. This article dives deep into what resting heart rate means, why it matters, how it changes, and how to interpret your own numbers using data from wearables.
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Learn why your resting heart rate is a window into your heart’s efficiency and overall wellness.
Read more
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
Understand what influences your RHR on a biological level, from heart muscle strength to autonomic nervous system balance.
Read more
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
Discover lifestyle habits and training approaches that can help improve your heart’s baseline performance.
Read more
Understanding Your Results
Understanding Your Results
Understanding Your Results
Understanding Your Results
Decode the resting heart rate data your device collects and learn what healthy ranges mean for you.
Read more
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Your resting heart rate is a foundational health metric that reflects how hard your heart works to supply blood when you’re at rest. A lower RHR generally indicates a more efficient heart and better cardiovascular fitness.
Research links lower resting heart rates with:
Reduced risk of heart disease and stroke
Better endurance and athletic performance
Greater longevity and lower all-cause mortality
Enhanced recovery and resilience to stress
Conversely, a persistently high RHR can indicate stress, illness, or an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
Tracking your resting heart rate over time lets you see improvements or warning signs before symptoms arise, making it a powerful tool for proactive health management.
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Your resting heart rate is a foundational health metric that reflects how hard your heart works to supply blood when you’re at rest. A lower RHR generally indicates a more efficient heart and better cardiovascular fitness.
Research links lower resting heart rates with:
Reduced risk of heart disease and stroke
Better endurance and athletic performance
Greater longevity and lower all-cause mortality
Enhanced recovery and resilience to stress
Conversely, a persistently high RHR can indicate stress, illness, or an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
Tracking your resting heart rate over time lets you see improvements or warning signs before symptoms arise, making it a powerful tool for proactive health management.
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Your resting heart rate is a foundational health metric that reflects how hard your heart works to supply blood when you’re at rest. A lower RHR generally indicates a more efficient heart and better cardiovascular fitness.
Research links lower resting heart rates with:
Reduced risk of heart disease and stroke
Better endurance and athletic performance
Greater longevity and lower all-cause mortality
Enhanced recovery and resilience to stress
Conversely, a persistently high RHR can indicate stress, illness, or an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
Tracking your resting heart rate over time lets you see improvements or warning signs before symptoms arise, making it a powerful tool for proactive health management.
Why Resting Heart Rate Matters
Your resting heart rate is a foundational health metric that reflects how hard your heart works to supply blood when you’re at rest. A lower RHR generally indicates a more efficient heart and better cardiovascular fitness.
Research links lower resting heart rates with:
Reduced risk of heart disease and stroke
Better endurance and athletic performance
Greater longevity and lower all-cause mortality
Enhanced recovery and resilience to stress
Conversely, a persistently high RHR can indicate stress, illness, or an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
Tracking your resting heart rate over time lets you see improvements or warning signs before symptoms arise, making it a powerful tool for proactive health management.
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
Several physiological factors influence your resting heart rate:
Stroke Volume: The amount of blood your heart pumps per beat. A stronger heart pumps more blood with each beat, so it needs fewer beats per minute at rest.
Autonomic Nervous System: The balance between the parasympathetic (rest-and-digest) and sympathetic (fight-or-flight) branches controls your heart rate. Higher parasympathetic tone lowers RHR.
Age and Genetics: RHR tends to rise slightly with age and varies among individuals based on genetics.
Hormones and Stress: Adrenaline, cortisol, and other stress hormones raise heart rate; relaxation lowers it.
Fitness Level: Regular aerobic exercise increases stroke volume and parasympathetic tone, lowering RHR.
Daily fluctuations in RHR can also reflect sleep quality, hydration, illness, and even temperature.
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
Several physiological factors influence your resting heart rate:
Stroke Volume: The amount of blood your heart pumps per beat. A stronger heart pumps more blood with each beat, so it needs fewer beats per minute at rest.
Autonomic Nervous System: The balance between the parasympathetic (rest-and-digest) and sympathetic (fight-or-flight) branches controls your heart rate. Higher parasympathetic tone lowers RHR.
Age and Genetics: RHR tends to rise slightly with age and varies among individuals based on genetics.
Hormones and Stress: Adrenaline, cortisol, and other stress hormones raise heart rate; relaxation lowers it.
Fitness Level: Regular aerobic exercise increases stroke volume and parasympathetic tone, lowering RHR.
Daily fluctuations in RHR can also reflect sleep quality, hydration, illness, and even temperature.
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
Several physiological factors influence your resting heart rate:
Stroke Volume: The amount of blood your heart pumps per beat. A stronger heart pumps more blood with each beat, so it needs fewer beats per minute at rest.
Autonomic Nervous System: The balance between the parasympathetic (rest-and-digest) and sympathetic (fight-or-flight) branches controls your heart rate. Higher parasympathetic tone lowers RHR.
Age and Genetics: RHR tends to rise slightly with age and varies among individuals based on genetics.
Hormones and Stress: Adrenaline, cortisol, and other stress hormones raise heart rate; relaxation lowers it.
Fitness Level: Regular aerobic exercise increases stroke volume and parasympathetic tone, lowering RHR.
Daily fluctuations in RHR can also reflect sleep quality, hydration, illness, and even temperature.
The Physiology Behind Your Resting Heart Rate
Several physiological factors influence your resting heart rate:
Stroke Volume: The amount of blood your heart pumps per beat. A stronger heart pumps more blood with each beat, so it needs fewer beats per minute at rest.
Autonomic Nervous System: The balance between the parasympathetic (rest-and-digest) and sympathetic (fight-or-flight) branches controls your heart rate. Higher parasympathetic tone lowers RHR.
Age and Genetics: RHR tends to rise slightly with age and varies among individuals based on genetics.
Hormones and Stress: Adrenaline, cortisol, and other stress hormones raise heart rate; relaxation lowers it.
Fitness Level: Regular aerobic exercise increases stroke volume and parasympathetic tone, lowering RHR.
Daily fluctuations in RHR can also reflect sleep quality, hydration, illness, and even temperature.
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
Improving your resting heart rate usually means improving your cardiovascular health and autonomic balance. Here are evidence-backed strategies:
Regular aerobic exercise: Activities like brisk walking, running, cycling, and swimming increase heart efficiency.
Stress management: Mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises enhance parasympathetic activity.
Adequate sleep: Good sleep improves recovery and heart rate regulation.
Hydration and nutrition: Staying hydrated and eating heart-healthy foods supports cardiovascular function. This includes consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins like fish or legumes, healthy fats such as those found in nuts, seeds, and olive oil, and limiting processed foods, added sugars, and saturated fats.
Avoiding stimulants: Excess caffeine or nicotine raises RHR.
Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces cardiac workload.
Fun—but sobering—fact: Legendary cyclist Marco Pantani reportedly had a resting heart rate of just 34 bpm—and if it dipped even lower during sleep, he’d wake and ride for several minutes just to raise it back up.
So can you be so fit that it’s dangerous? In short - no. In Pantani’s case, the picture was complicated by suspected EPO (erythropoietin) use—a performance-enhancing drug that boosts red blood cell production to improve endurance. While EPO can supercharge aerobic performance, it also thickens the blood, increasing the risk of clots, heart attack, and stroke—especially when combined with an already slow, highly trained heart.
Consistency is key — sustained lifestyle changes gradually lower RHR over weeks and months, reflecting improved heart health.
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
Improving your resting heart rate usually means improving your cardiovascular health and autonomic balance. Here are evidence-backed strategies:
Regular aerobic exercise: Activities like brisk walking, running, cycling, and swimming increase heart efficiency.
Stress management: Mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises enhance parasympathetic activity.
Adequate sleep: Good sleep improves recovery and heart rate regulation.
Hydration and nutrition: Staying hydrated and eating heart-healthy foods supports cardiovascular function. This includes consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins like fish or legumes, healthy fats such as those found in nuts, seeds, and olive oil, and limiting processed foods, added sugars, and saturated fats.
Avoiding stimulants: Excess caffeine or nicotine raises RHR.
Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces cardiac workload.
Fun—but sobering—fact: Legendary cyclist Marco Pantani reportedly had a resting heart rate of just 34 bpm—and if it dipped even lower during sleep, he’d wake and ride for several minutes just to raise it back up.
So can you be so fit that it’s dangerous? In short - no. In Pantani’s case, the picture was complicated by suspected EPO (erythropoietin) use—a performance-enhancing drug that boosts red blood cell production to improve endurance. While EPO can supercharge aerobic performance, it also thickens the blood, increasing the risk of clots, heart attack, and stroke—especially when combined with an already slow, highly trained heart.
Consistency is key — sustained lifestyle changes gradually lower RHR over weeks and months, reflecting improved heart health.
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
Improving your resting heart rate usually means improving your cardiovascular health and autonomic balance. Here are evidence-backed strategies:
Regular aerobic exercise: Activities like brisk walking, running, cycling, and swimming increase heart efficiency.
Stress management: Mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises enhance parasympathetic activity.
Adequate sleep: Good sleep improves recovery and heart rate regulation.
Hydration and nutrition: Staying hydrated and eating heart-healthy foods supports cardiovascular function. This includes consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins like fish or legumes, healthy fats such as those found in nuts, seeds, and olive oil, and limiting processed foods, added sugars, and saturated fats.
Avoiding stimulants: Excess caffeine or nicotine raises RHR.
Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces cardiac workload.
Fun—but sobering—fact: Legendary cyclist Marco Pantani reportedly had a resting heart rate of just 34 bpm—and if it dipped even lower during sleep, he’d wake and ride for several minutes just to raise it back up.
So can you be so fit that it’s dangerous? In short - no. In Pantani’s case, the picture was complicated by suspected EPO (erythropoietin) use—a performance-enhancing drug that boosts red blood cell production to improve endurance. While EPO can supercharge aerobic performance, it also thickens the blood, increasing the risk of clots, heart attack, and stroke—especially when combined with an already slow, highly trained heart.
Consistency is key — sustained lifestyle changes gradually lower RHR over weeks and months, reflecting improved heart health.
How to Lower and Optimise Your Resting Heart Rate
Improving your resting heart rate usually means improving your cardiovascular health and autonomic balance. Here are evidence-backed strategies:
Regular aerobic exercise: Activities like brisk walking, running, cycling, and swimming increase heart efficiency.
Stress management: Mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises enhance parasympathetic activity.
Adequate sleep: Good sleep improves recovery and heart rate regulation.
Hydration and nutrition: Staying hydrated and eating heart-healthy foods supports cardiovascular function. This includes consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins like fish or legumes, healthy fats such as those found in nuts, seeds, and olive oil, and limiting processed foods, added sugars, and saturated fats.
Avoiding stimulants: Excess caffeine or nicotine raises RHR.
Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces cardiac workload.
Fun—but sobering—fact: Legendary cyclist Marco Pantani reportedly had a resting heart rate of just 34 bpm—and if it dipped even lower during sleep, he’d wake and ride for several minutes just to raise it back up.
So can you be so fit that it’s dangerous? In short - no. In Pantani’s case, the picture was complicated by suspected EPO (erythropoietin) use—a performance-enhancing drug that boosts red blood cell production to improve endurance. While EPO can supercharge aerobic performance, it also thickens the blood, increasing the risk of clots, heart attack, and stroke—especially when combined with an already slow, highly trained heart.
Consistency is key — sustained lifestyle changes gradually lower RHR over weeks and months, reflecting improved heart health.
Understanding Your Results
Modern wearables track resting heart rate by measuring your pulse during sleep or periods of inactivity. They use light sensors (PPG) to detect blood flow under the skin. By measuring changes in light absorption with each heartbeat, the device calculates beats per minute. Here’s what to keep in mind:
Typical ranges: For most adults, a normal RHR is 60-100 bpm. Athletes often have much lower resting heart rates of 40-60 bpm. See the table below for a breakdown by age and exercise ability.
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Male)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 47-54 | 55-60 | 61-68 | 69-75 | 76-83 | 84-94 |
40-59 | 46-54 | 55-60 | 61-67 | 68-76 | 77-84 | 85-94 |
60-79 | 45-53 | 54-59 | 60-66 | 67-74 | 75-83 | 84-97 |
Source: Whoop
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Female)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 52-59 | 60-65 | 66-73 | 74-81 | 82-88 | 89-98 |
40-59 | 51-58 | 59-63 | 64-70 | 71-78 | 79-85 | 86-96 |
60-79 | 52-58 | 59-63 | 64-69 | 70-77 | 78-85 | 86-95 |
Source: Whoop
Interpreting resting heart rate in context
Day-to-day variation: Expect fluctuations of 3-5 bpm based on stress, illness, sleep, and hydration.
Long-term trends: Watch for sustained increases or decreases, which can indicate changing fitness or health.
Measurement context: The best RHR reading is taken in the morning after waking, lying still, before getting up.
Alerts: Some devices warn if RHR is unusually high or low, potentially signalling health issues.
Use your wearable’s RHR data as a guide, not a diagnosis. Pair it with how you feel and other health markers for a fuller picture.
Understanding Your Results
Modern wearables track resting heart rate by measuring your pulse during sleep or periods of inactivity. They use light sensors (PPG) to detect blood flow under the skin. By measuring changes in light absorption with each heartbeat, the device calculates beats per minute. Here’s what to keep in mind:
Typical ranges: For most adults, a normal RHR is 60-100 bpm. Athletes often have much lower resting heart rates of 40-60 bpm. See the table below for a breakdown by age and exercise ability.
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Male)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 47-54 | 55-60 | 61-68 | 69-75 | 76-83 | 84-94 |
40-59 | 46-54 | 55-60 | 61-67 | 68-76 | 77-84 | 85-94 |
60-79 | 45-53 | 54-59 | 60-66 | 67-74 | 75-83 | 84-97 |
Source: Whoop
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Female)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 52-59 | 60-65 | 66-73 | 74-81 | 82-88 | 89-98 |
40-59 | 51-58 | 59-63 | 64-70 | 71-78 | 79-85 | 86-96 |
60-79 | 52-58 | 59-63 | 64-69 | 70-77 | 78-85 | 86-95 |
Source: Whoop
Interpreting resting heart rate in context
Day-to-day variation: Expect fluctuations of 3-5 bpm based on stress, illness, sleep, and hydration.
Long-term trends: Watch for sustained increases or decreases, which can indicate changing fitness or health.
Measurement context: The best RHR reading is taken in the morning after waking, lying still, before getting up.
Alerts: Some devices warn if RHR is unusually high or low, potentially signalling health issues.
Use your wearable’s RHR data as a guide, not a diagnosis. Pair it with how you feel and other health markers for a fuller picture.
Understanding Your Results
Modern wearables track resting heart rate by measuring your pulse during sleep or periods of inactivity. They use light sensors (PPG) to detect blood flow under the skin. By measuring changes in light absorption with each heartbeat, the device calculates beats per minute. Here’s what to keep in mind:
Typical ranges: For most adults, a normal RHR is 60-100 bpm. Athletes often have much lower resting heart rates of 40-60 bpm. See the table below for a breakdown by age and exercise ability.
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Male)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 47-54 | 55-60 | 61-68 | 69-75 | 76-83 | 84-94 |
40-59 | 46-54 | 55-60 | 61-67 | 68-76 | 77-84 | 85-94 |
60-79 | 45-53 | 54-59 | 60-66 | 67-74 | 75-83 | 84-97 |
Source: Whoop
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Female)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 52-59 | 60-65 | 66-73 | 74-81 | 82-88 | 89-98 |
40-59 | 51-58 | 59-63 | 64-70 | 71-78 | 79-85 | 86-96 |
60-79 | 52-58 | 59-63 | 64-69 | 70-77 | 78-85 | 86-95 |
Source: Whoop
Interpreting resting heart rate in context
Day-to-day variation: Expect fluctuations of 3-5 bpm based on stress, illness, sleep, and hydration.
Long-term trends: Watch for sustained increases or decreases, which can indicate changing fitness or health.
Measurement context: The best RHR reading is taken in the morning after waking, lying still, before getting up.
Alerts: Some devices warn if RHR is unusually high or low, potentially signalling health issues.
Use your wearable’s RHR data as a guide, not a diagnosis. Pair it with how you feel and other health markers for a fuller picture.
Understanding Your Results
Modern wearables track resting heart rate by measuring your pulse during sleep or periods of inactivity. They use light sensors (PPG) to detect blood flow under the skin. By measuring changes in light absorption with each heartbeat, the device calculates beats per minute. Here’s what to keep in mind:
Typical ranges: For most adults, a normal RHR is 60-100 bpm. Athletes often have much lower resting heart rates of 40-60 bpm. See the table below for a breakdown by age and exercise ability.
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Male)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 47-54 | 55-60 | 61-68 | 69-75 | 76-83 | 84-94 |
40-59 | 46-54 | 55-60 | 61-67 | 68-76 | 77-84 | 85-94 |
60-79 | 45-53 | 54-59 | 60-66 | 67-74 | 75-83 | 84-97 |
Source: Whoop
Resting Heart Rate Classification (Female)
Age | Athlete | Very Good | Above Average | Average | Below Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-39 | 52-59 | 60-65 | 66-73 | 74-81 | 82-88 | 89-98 |
40-59 | 51-58 | 59-63 | 64-70 | 71-78 | 79-85 | 86-96 |
60-79 | 52-58 | 59-63 | 64-69 | 70-77 | 78-85 | 86-95 |
Source: Whoop
Interpreting resting heart rate in context
Day-to-day variation: Expect fluctuations of 3-5 bpm based on stress, illness, sleep, and hydration.
Long-term trends: Watch for sustained increases or decreases, which can indicate changing fitness or health.
Measurement context: The best RHR reading is taken in the morning after waking, lying still, before getting up.
Alerts: Some devices warn if RHR is unusually high or low, potentially signalling health issues.
Use your wearable’s RHR data as a guide, not a diagnosis. Pair it with how you feel and other health markers for a fuller picture.
The Takeaway
Resting heart rate is a simple yet profound metric revealing your heart’s efficiency, fitness, and stress resilience. By understanding and tracking your RHR, you gain a valuable window into your health — enabling smarter lifestyle choices and earlier detection of potential problems.
Optimising your resting heart rate takes time and consistent healthy habits, but the payoff is a stronger heart, better endurance, and greater wellbeing.
The Takeaway
Resting heart rate is a simple yet profound metric revealing your heart’s efficiency, fitness, and stress resilience. By understanding and tracking your RHR, you gain a valuable window into your health — enabling smarter lifestyle choices and earlier detection of potential problems.
Optimising your resting heart rate takes time and consistent healthy habits, but the payoff is a stronger heart, better endurance, and greater wellbeing.
The Takeaway
Resting heart rate is a simple yet profound metric revealing your heart’s efficiency, fitness, and stress resilience. By understanding and tracking your RHR, you gain a valuable window into your health — enabling smarter lifestyle choices and earlier detection of potential problems.
Optimising your resting heart rate takes time and consistent healthy habits, but the payoff is a stronger heart, better endurance, and greater wellbeing.
The Takeaway
Resting heart rate is a simple yet profound metric revealing your heart’s efficiency, fitness, and stress resilience. By understanding and tracking your RHR, you gain a valuable window into your health — enabling smarter lifestyle choices and earlier detection of potential problems.
Optimising your resting heart rate takes time and consistent healthy habits, but the payoff is a stronger heart, better endurance, and greater wellbeing.
References
Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 73.
Thayer, J. F., Yamamoto, S. S., & Brosschot, J. F. (2010). The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. International Journal of Cardiology, 141(2), 122–131.
American Heart Association. (2020). Understanding your heart rate. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/target-heart-rates
Hautala, A. J., Tulppo, M. P., & Seppänen, T. (2003). Heart rate variability in experimental pain models: a review of findings and methods. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 110(2), 99–108.
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2012). Heart rate variability in elite triathletes, is variation in variability related to performance? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(2), 101–108.
References
Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 73.
Thayer, J. F., Yamamoto, S. S., & Brosschot, J. F. (2010). The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. International Journal of Cardiology, 141(2), 122–131.
American Heart Association. (2020). Understanding your heart rate. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/target-heart-rates
Hautala, A. J., Tulppo, M. P., & Seppänen, T. (2003). Heart rate variability in experimental pain models: a review of findings and methods. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 110(2), 99–108.
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2012). Heart rate variability in elite triathletes, is variation in variability related to performance? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(2), 101–108.
References
Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 73.
Thayer, J. F., Yamamoto, S. S., & Brosschot, J. F. (2010). The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. International Journal of Cardiology, 141(2), 122–131.
American Heart Association. (2020). Understanding your heart rate. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/target-heart-rates
Hautala, A. J., Tulppo, M. P., & Seppänen, T. (2003). Heart rate variability in experimental pain models: a review of findings and methods. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 110(2), 99–108.
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2012). Heart rate variability in elite triathletes, is variation in variability related to performance? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(2), 101–108.
References
Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 73.
Thayer, J. F., Yamamoto, S. S., & Brosschot, J. F. (2010). The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. International Journal of Cardiology, 141(2), 122–131.
American Heart Association. (2020). Understanding your heart rate. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/target-heart-rates
Hautala, A. J., Tulppo, M. P., & Seppänen, T. (2003). Heart rate variability in experimental pain models: a review of findings and methods. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 110(2), 99–108.
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2012). Heart rate variability in elite triathletes, is variation in variability related to performance? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(2), 101–108.
Research articles
Research articles
Research articles
Control your preventive health with Emerald
Subscribe to our newsletter
© 2025 Emerald Labs Ltd
Subscribe to our newsletter
© 2025 Emerald Labs Ltd
Subscribe to our newsletter
© 2025 Emerald Labs Ltd
Subscribe to our newsletter
© 2025 Emerald Labs Ltd
Subscribe to our newsletter
© 2025 Emerald Labs Ltd
Subscribe to our newsletter
© 2025 Emerald Labs Ltd