When Haemoglobin Levels Are Out Of Balance?

Low Haemoglobin (Anaemia)

Low haemoglobin, known as anaemia, usually develops gradually and symptoms often appear slowly. You might notice fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, cold hands and feet, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms occur because your organs and tissues aren't receiving adequate oxygen to function optimally.

In severe cases, the heart works harder to pump oxygen-poor blood around the body, which can lead to complications over time if left untreated.

Low haemoglobin can sometimes indicate more serious underlying conditions, particularly in older adults. Whilst women of childbearing age commonly develop anaemia due to menstrual blood loss, unexplained anaemia in men or postmenopausal women often requires further investigation. It may indicate bleeding from ulcers, bowel disease, or other conditions that need medical attention.

High Haemoglobin (Polycythaemia)

High haemoglobin levels, called polycythaemia (a ‘thickened’ blood condition), occur when blood becomes thick with excess red blood cells. This makes blood flow more slowly through vessels, increasing the risk of blood clots that can cause strokes, heart attacks, or pulmonary embolisms (blood clots in the lungs).

Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, itchy skin (particularly after hot showers), and a ruddy facial complexion. Ironically, some people with high haemoglobin feel fatigued despite having excess oxygen-carrying capacity, because the thickened blood doesn't circulate efficiently—it's like having a traffic jam of red blood cells.

High haemoglobin can indicate underlying conditions such as chronic lung disease, heart problems, kidney disorders, or bone marrow conditions like polycythaemia vera (a rare blood disorder where bone marrow produces too many red blood cells).